Adsorption of Congo Red Dye From Aqueous Solution Using Mesembryanthemum Crystallinum-Based Bioadsorbent
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35778/jazu.i56.a659Keywords:
Biomass; Wastewater treatment; Adsorption; Fixed bed columnAbstract
Adsorption technique is a simple and inexpensive separation process compared to other separation methods, which have significant contributions in water treatment and pollutant removal. Batch adsorption processes are good for studies on a small scale, whereas continuous adsorption processes are preferred for processing a large scale, especially in industrial applications. In this context, a fixed bed adsorption column was fabricated and the leaves of Mesembryanthemum crystallinum biomass (MC-BM) was used as bioadsorbent for water wastewater treatment applications. Congo red dye (CRD) was used as a pollutant model in the wastewater. The effects of different operating conditions were verified on the CRD adsorption efficiency, which includes the bed depth, the initial concentration of the dye, pH, flow rate, and operating temperature. The results showed that the derived bioadsorbent material showed a high potential for adsorption of CRD from aqueous solution. The maximum adsorption efficiency of 85.83 % was achieved. The results also indicated that the increase in the bed depth and the operating temperature enhance the adsorption efficiency. However, the increase in the flow rate and initial concentration of the CRD decrease the CRD adsorption efficiency. The investigations showed that the adsorption of CRD onto MC-BM was endothermic process.
Downloads
References
Abushaina, A., Sultan, A., Elhrari, W., and Alhwaige, A. A. (2018). Novel green sorbents derived from Mesembryanthemum-based biomass for wastewater treatment applications. First Conference for Engineering Sciences and Technology (CEST-2018) 25-27 September 2018, Garaboulli, Libya, 345–354. http://cest2018.elmergib.edu.ly
Ahmad, S., Mujtaba, G., Zubair, M., Shah, M. U. H., Daud, M., Mu'azu, N. D., Al-Harthi, M. A. (2025). A review of performance, mechanism, and challenges of layered double hydroxide-based biocomposites for the adsorptive removal of dye contaminants from water and wastewater. J. Water Proc. Eng. 70, 106837. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2024.106837
Ali, I. and Gupta, V. K. (2006). Advances in water treatment by adsorption technology. Nat. Protoc. 1(6), 2661-2667. https://doi.org/10.1038/nprot.2006.370
Alhwaige, A. A., Al-Drogi, A. N., Yahiya, M. B., Elhrari W. K. (2025). Mixed matrix membranes-derived from high-density polyethylene and mesembryanthemum crystallinum for separation of methylene blue dye from aqueous solutions. J. Marine Sci. Environ. Technol. 1(2). DOI: https://doi.org/10.59743/jmset.v10i2.185
Alhwaige, A. A., Ishida, H., Qutubuddin, S. (2020). Chitosan/polybenzoxazine/clay mixed matrix composite aerogels: preparation, physical properties, and water absorbency. Appl. Clay Sci. 184, 105403. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2019.105403
Duran, C., Ozdes, D., Gundogdu, A., and Senturk, H. B. (2011). Kinetics and Isotherm Analysis of Basic Dyes Adsorption onto Almond Shell (Prunus dulcis) as a Low Cost Adsorbent. J. Chem. Eng. Data, 56(5), 2136-2147. https://doi.org/10.1021/je101204j
El Messaoudi, N., El Khomri, M., Dbik, A., Bentahar, S., Lacherai, A., Bakiz, B. (2016). Biosorption of Congo red in a fixed-bed column from aqueous solution using jujube shell: Experimental and mathematical modelling. J. Environ. Chem. Eng. 4(4): Part A, 3848-3855. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2016.08.027
El Meziani, S., Agnaou, H., El Haddaj, H., Boumya, W., Barka, N., Elhalil, A. (2025). Sustainable adsorption technologies for textile dye removal: Advances in biomass-derived and magnetically modified activated carbons. Cleaner Chem. Eng. 12, 100210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clce.2025.100210
Ekrayem, N. A., Alhwaige, A. A., Elhrari W., and Amer, M. (2021). Removal of lead (II) ions from water using chitosan/polyester crosslinked spheres derived from chitosan and glycerol-based polyester. J. Environ. Chem. Eng., 9, 106628. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2021.106628
Gabris, M. A., Periyasamy, A. P., Tehrani-Bagha, A. (2025). Top ten super-adsorbents for removal of textile dyes from wastewater. Environ. Res. 285, 122424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2025.122424
Hlihor, R. M. and Gavrilescu, M. (2009). Removal of some environmentally relevant heavy metals using low-cost natural sorbents. Environ. Eng. Manage. J., 8(2), 353-372. DOI: 10.30638/eemj.2009.051
Hua, Z., Pana, Y., and Hong, Q. (2023). Adsorption of Congo red dye in water by orange peel biochar modified with CTAB. RSC Adv., 13, 12502–12508. DOI: 10.1039/d3ra01444d
Kumar, N., Reddy, L., Parashar, V., Ngila, J. C. (2017). Controlled synthesis of microsheets of ZnAl layered double hydroxides hexagonal nanoplates for efficient removal of Cr(VI) ions and anionic dye from water. J. Environ. Chem. Eng. 5, 1718-1731. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2017.03.014
Mall, I. D., Srivastava, V. C., Agarwal, N. K., and Mishra, I. M. (2005). Removal of Congo red from aqueous solution by bagasse fly ash and activated carbon: kinetic study and equilibrium isotherm analyses. Chemosphere, 61(4), 492–501. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.03.065
Salleh, M. A. M., Mahmoud, D. K., Abdul Karim, W. A. W., and Idris, A. (2011). Cationic and anionic dye adsorption by agricultural solid wastes: a comprehensive review. Desalination, 280(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2011.07.019
Santhosh, C., Velmurugan, V., Jacob, G., Jeong, S. K., Grace, A. N., and Bhatnagar. A. (2016). Role of nanomaterials in water treatment applications: A review. Chem. Eng. J. 306, 1116-1137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2016.08.053.
Srinivasan, A., Viraraghavan, T. (2010). Decolorization of dye wastewaters by biosorbents: A review. J. Environ. Manage. 91(10), 1915-1929. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.05.003
Patel, H. (2022). Comparison of batch and fixed bed column adsorption: a critical review. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 19, 10409–10426. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-021-03492-y
Zhao, B., Shang, Y., Xiao, W., Dou, C., Han, R. (2014). Adsorption of Congo red from solution using cationic surfactant modified wheat straw in column model. J. Environ. Chem. Eng. 2, 40–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2013.11.025
